Embedded Files
Volume 1
Ch 1: Introduction to the legal system
Ch 1: Introduction to the legal system
Introduction to the Law and its Types
Definition and Sources of law [BL001]
Civil Law & Criminal Law [BL002]
Basic structure of Constitution of Pakistan [BL003]
Q&A Civil Law vs Criminal Law [BL007A]
Q&A Civil Law vs Criminal Law (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL167]
Q&A The Constitution of Pakistan (ICAP Spring 2021) [BL008]
The Process of the legislation as per the Constitution
Process of Legislation [BL005R]
Q&A Money Bill Process (ICAP Autumn 2016) [BL007B]
Q&A Govt System & Senate (ICAP Autumn 2018) [BL007D]
Q&A Delegated legislation (ICAP Spring 2018) [BL007E]
Q&A The Ordinance (ICAP Autumn 2020) [BL007F]
Q&A The process of legislation (ICAP Autumn 2021) [BL033]
Q&A Delegated legislation (ICAP Autumn 2022) [BL287]
Q&A Promulgation of an Ordinance (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL304]
Q&A Basis of legal system & sources of law (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL317]
Q&A Bill Rejected by the Senate (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL339]
Q&A Delegated legislation (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL354]
Q&A Sources of law and Role of Senate (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL371]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [BL162]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (i) [SM044]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (xii) [SM055]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (i) [SM010]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (iii) [SM012]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (iv) [SM103]
Ch 2: Offer, acceptance and revocation
Ch 2: Offer, acceptance and revocation
Introduction to Contract
Preliminary (Introduction & Interpretation Clause) [BL023]
Promises, express and implied [BL030]
Communication, Acceptance and Revocation of Proposals
Manner of Communication: Proposal, Acceptance & Revocation [BL024]
Communication When Complete [BL025]
Revocation of proposals and acceptances [BL026]
Revocation how made (Manner of revocation of proposal) [BL027]
Acceptance: Conditions and Rules [BL028]
Q&A Murad and Sanum (ICAP Autumn 2015) [BL035A]
Q&A Batool and Saqib (ICAP Spring 2020) [BL035B]
Q&A Mashoor Associates (ICAP Spring 2016) [BL035C]
Q&A Saleem and Ghazi (ICAP Autumn 2018) [BL035D]
Q&A Ahmad and Adil (ICAP Spring 2019) [BL035E]
Q&A Essentials of Valid Acceptance (ICAP Autumn 2020) [BL170]
Q&A Mehmood and Sulman (ICAP Autumn 2020) [BL171]
Q&A Revocation of proposal (ICAP Autumn 2022) [BL291]
Q&A Lime Cement (b) (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL322]
Q&A Cube Medicos & Rectangle Pharma (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL349]
Q&A Malik & Senior Citizen (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL365]
Q&A DIO Lavender Oil (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL385]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 15 | Offer, acceptance and revocation [BL029]
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [BL163]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (v) [SM048]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (x) [SM053]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (vi) [SM015]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (viii) [SM107]
Ch 3: Validity of contracts and agreements
Ch 3: Validity of contracts and agreements
Validity of Contracts and Agreements
Definitions (Types of agreements & contracts) [BL031]
What agreements are contracts [BL032]
Who are Competent to Contract [BL036]
What is a sound mind for the purposes of contracting [BL037]
Disqualified from contracting by law [BL038]
Q&A Shoaib and Ijaz Munsif (ICAP Autumn 2019) [BL044A]
Q&A Aliya and Salma (ICAP Spring 2021) [BL011]
Consideration and Object
Definition: Consideration [BL039]
Agreements without Consideration [BL040]
What considerations and objects are lawful and what not [BL041]
Agreements void for partly unlawful consideration / object [BL042]
Q&A Mrs. Ikram and Nadeem (ICAP Autumn 2016) [BL044C]
Q&A Muneer and Furqan Butt (ICAP Spring 2020) [BL044D]
Q&A Naeem and Raheel Associates (ICAP Spring 2020) [BL044F]
Q&A Agreements without Consideration (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL168]
Q&A Agreement without consideration (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL331]
Q&A Nonagon Books and Moiz (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL346]
Q&A Unlawful Consideration and Object (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL374]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 24 | Validity of contracts and agreements [BL043]
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [BL164]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (vii) [SM050]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (viii) [SM051]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (xi) [SM054]
Ch 4: Free consent and void agreements
Ch 4: Free consent and void agreements
Consent: Coercion and Undue Influence
Consent & Free Consent [BL073]
Power to set aside contract induced by undue influence [BL076]
Coercion vs. Undue influence [BL077]
Q&A Rafia vs Mujahid (ICAP Spring 2017) [BL095]
Q&A Ghazala vs Haroon (ICAP Autumn 2019) [BL096]
Q&A BT and Famous Actor (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL108]
Q&A Karim & Zain (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL306]
Consent: Fraud and Misrepresentation
Effect of fraud and misrepresentation on agreement [BL081]
Fraud vs. Misrepresentation [BL290]
Q&A Shafiq vs Abad (ICAP Spring 2016) [BL097]
Q&A Ghaffar vs Sharif (ICAP Autumn 2017) [BL098]
Q&A Dawood vs Mughal (ICAP Autumn 2018) [BL099]
Q&A Zameer vs Sultan (ICAP Autumn 2019) [BL100]
Q&A Differences (ICAP Autumn 2022) [BL292]
Q&A Exception to rescind (ICAP Autumn 2020) [BL105]
Q&A EJ vs Maria (ICAP Spring 2021) [BL106]
Q&A Fatima & Hammad (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL320]
Q&A Rashid & Ayesha (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL351]
Q&A Agreements caused by fraud (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL369]
Q&A Glacier Tours (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL388]
Consent: Mistake
Payment or delivery by mistake or under coercion [BL084]
Q&A Mistake (Practice Question) [BL101]
Q&A Mistake (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL308]
Q&A Mistake (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL383]
Expressly declared void agreements
Agreement in restraint of marriage [BL085]
Agreement in restraint of trade [BL086]
Agreement in restraint of legal proceedings [BL087]
Agreement void for uncertainty [BL088]
Agreements by way of wager [BL089]
Agreements collateral to wagering agreement [BL090]
No suit for recovery (wagering agreement) [BL091]
No credit for payment by guardian etc. (wagering) [BL092]
Q&A Sheeda vs Goga (ICAP Autumn 2014) [BL102]
Q&A Mansoor vs Arif (ICAP Autumn 2016) [BL103]
Q&A Taimure vs Basit (ICAP Autumn 2018) [BL104]
Q&A BT and Hafnium Limited (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL109]
Q&A Restriction on Business (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL110]
Q&A Rehan vs Salman (ICAP Spring 2021) [BL107]
Q&A Void Agreements (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL352]
Q&A Malik & Hamid (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL366]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [BL165]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (viii) [SM017]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (xi) [SM110]
Ch 5: Contingent contracts
Ch 5: Contingent contracts
Introduction
“Contingent contract” defined [BL055]
Contingent contract vs. Wagering agreement [BL056]
Q&A Vazir and Saulat (ICAP Spring 2017) [BL060A]
Q&A Zubair and Ubaid (ICAP Autumn 2018) [BL060B]
Q&A Contingent vs Wagering (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL330]
Rules regarding contingent contracts
Enforceability of Contingent Contracts [BL057]
When event based on future conduct deemed impossible [BL058]
Q&A Enforcing Contingent Contracts (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL169]
Q&A Kamran Shah (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL309]
Q&A Square Research & Crescent Pharma (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL350]
Q&A Contingent contracts (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL368]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10 | Contingent contracts [BL059]
Ch 6: Performance of contracts - I
Ch 6: Performance of contracts - I
Contracts which must be performed
Contracts which must be performed [BL045]
Q&A Masoom and Mubarak (ICAP Spring 2015) [BL114]
Q&A Mahboob and Saulat (Practice Question) [BL115]
Appropriation of payments
Appropriation of payments [BL046]
Q&A Nisar and Mairaj (ICAP Autumn 2017) [BL054]
Q&A Ubaid and Bilal (Practice Question) [BL118]
Q&A Arowana Power Limited (ICAP Autumn 2021) [BL129]
Q&A Sultan and Wajahat (ICAP Autumn 2022) [BL293]
Q&A Steel Electronics (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL329]
Contracts which need not be performed
Effect of novation, rescission and alteration [BL047]
Promisee may dispense with or remit performance of promise [BL048]
Effect of promisee's refusal or neglect [BL049]
Impossible acts / Subsequent impossibility or illegality [BL050]
Rescission of voidable contract [BL051]
Advantage received under void agreement / contract [BL052]
Q&A Discharge of Contract (PQ) [BL128]
Q&A Talib and Bashir (Practice Question) [BL116]
Q&A Lalchi Traders (ICAP Spring 2015) [BL119]
Q&A Imran Traders (ICAP Spring 2020) [BL117]
Q&A BT and Osmium Limited (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL112]
Q&A Sparrow Traders & Parrot Electrics (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL305]
Q&A Acceptable grounds of supervening impossibility (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL311]
Q&A Squash Management & Paragliding Club (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL362]
Q&A Maaz & Furqan (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL370]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 16 | Performance of Contract I [BL120]
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [BL126]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (vii) [SM016]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (i) [SM100]
Ch 7: Performance of contracts - II
Ch 7: Performance of contracts - II
By whom contracts must be performed
Person by whom promise is to be performed [BL053]
Rules regarding Performance of Joint Promises [BL122]
Q&A Faheem, Saleem and Jameel (ICAP Spring 2017) [BL132]
Q&A Farhan, Noman and Salman (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL137]
Q&A Munaf and Muslim (ICAP Autumn 2020) [BL172]
Q&A Saiqa & Alia (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL310]
Q&A Joint promises and rights (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL367]
Q&A Fog Waters (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL380]
Time and place of performance
Time and Place for Performance [BL123]
Effect of failure to perform at fixed time [BL124]
Q&A Golden Foods (ICAP Autumn 2017) [BL133]
Q&A Potassium Farms (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL138]
Q&A Time and Place (ICAP Autumn 2022) [BL294]
Q&A Kazim and Zainab (ICAP Autumn 2022) [BL295]
Q&A Lime Cement (a) (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL321]
Q&A Snowboarding Dealers (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL364]
Q&A Offer of Performance (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL382]
Q&A DIO Castor Oil (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL386]
Q&A DIO Eucalyptus Oil (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL387]
Performance of reciprocal promises
Performance of Reciprocal Promises [BL125]
Q&A BT and Francium & Co (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL113]
Q&A Reciprocal promises (ICAP Autumn 2021) [BL136]
Q&A Reciprocal promises (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL307]
Q&A Bamboo Designers (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL326]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 15 | Performance of Contract II [BL121]
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [BL127]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (x) [SM019]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (iii) [SM102]
Ch 8: Certain relations resembling those created by contract
Ch 8: Certain relations resembling those created by contract
Quasi Contracts
Quasi Contracts (Introduction) [BL139]
Supply of necessaries to person incapable of contracting [BL140]
Reimbursement of payment by interested person [BL141]
Obligation of person enjoying benefit of non-gratuitous act [BL142]
Responsibility of finder of goods [BL143]
Payment or delivery by mistake or under coercion [BL084]
Q&A Types of Quasi Contracts (ICAP Spring 2018) [BL145]
Q&A Baqir, Rohi and Sami (ICAP Spring 2015) [BL146]
Q&A Mohsin and Qasim Soomro (ICAP Spring 2020) [BL148]
Q&A Constructive Contracts (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL149]
Q&A Quasi Contracts (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL335]
Q&A Constructive Contracts (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL381]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 12 | Quasi Contracts [BL144]
Ch 9: Consequences for breach of contract
Ch 9: Consequences for breach of contract
Compensation for loss or damage caused by breach
Compensation for loss / damage caused by breach of contract [BL151]
Party rightfully rescinding contract entitled to compensation [BL153]
Q&A Phony (Pvt) Limited (ICAP Spring 2018) [BL156]
Q&A Compensation for Loss (PQ) [BL157]
Q&A Sarya Traders (ICAP Autumn 2020) [BL135]
Q&A Haroon Publishers (ICAP Autumn 2021) [BL158]
Q&A BT, Indium and Argon (ICAP Spring 2022) [BL111]
Q&A Rahim Khan (ICAP Autumn 2022) [BL296]
Q&A Pentagon Dealers & Sphere Ryders (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL340]
Q&A Nonagon Books & Heptagon Publishers (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL344]
Q&A Nonagon Books & Octagon Printers (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL345]
Q&A Squash Management & Athletes Association (ICAP Autumn 2024) [BL360]
Q&A DIO Olive Oil (ICAP Spring 2025) [BL384]
Compensation where penalty is stipulated
Compensation for breach where penalty stipulated for [BL152]
Q&A Compensation (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL319]
Q&A Straw Farms (ICAP Autumn 2023) [BL325]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 12 | Consequences for breach of contract [BL154]
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [BL155]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (iii) [SM046]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (iv) [SM047]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (v) [SM014]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (vi) [SM105]
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (vii) [SM162]
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (iii) [SM194]
Ch 10: Appointment and authority of agents
Ch 10: Appointment and authority of agents
Appointment of Agents
Authority of Agents
Q&A Doves & Co (Haroon) (ICAP Spring 2023) [BL301]
Q&A Agent and Authority (ICAP Spring 2024) [BL353]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 12 | Appointment and Authority of Agents [BL161]
Ch 11: The nature of partnership
Ch 11: The nature of partnership
Work in process
Introduction
Introduction to Law of Partnership
Test of Partnership
Mode of determining existence of partnership
Partnership vs. Co-ownership of property
Profit or loss sharing on loan from banking company
Partnership is not created by status
Sharing of profit not a conclusive evidence of partnership
Q&A Sharing of profit (ICAP Autumn 2014)
Q&A Sharing of profit (ICAP Autumn 2017)
Q&A Sharing of profit (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Sharing of profit (ICAP Autumn 2021)
Q&A Munaf and Lari (ICAP Autumn 2015)
Q&A X and Y (ICAP Spring 2018)
Q&A Moiz, Adeeb and Mumtaz (ICAP Spring 2020)
Q&A Sharing profits but not a partner (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Types of Partnership and Partners
Types of Partnership
Types of Partners
Q&A Types of Partnership (PQ)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (vi)
Ch 12: Relations of partners to one another
Ch 12: Relations of partners to one another
Work in process
The Duties, Rights and Liabilities of Partners
General Duties of Partners
Rights and duties by contract
Rights and duties relating to conduct of business
Mutual rights and liabilities
Personal Profits earned by partners
Rights and duties of partners after a change in firm
Q&A Rafiq, Bari and Furqan (PQ)
Q&A Abid, Rizwan & Salman (ICAP Autumn 2017)
Q&A Sohail, Talha, Umair & Co. (PQ)
Q&A Gul, Raza & Sami (ICAP Spring 2018)
Q&A Mandatory Duties (ICAP Autumn 2019)
Q&A Aftab, Rehan & Bali (ICAP Autumn 2019)
Q&A Asghar, Babar & Careem (ICAP Spring 2017)
Q&A General Duties of a Partner (ICAP Autumn 2020)
Q&A Tahira, Farhana and Sadia (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Krypton Traders & Co. (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Pentagon Dealers & Triangular Tours (ICAP Spring 2024)
Q&A Trapezoid Developers (ICAP Spring 2024)
Q&A Abid and Indemnity (ICAP Spring 2024)
The Property of the Firm
Partnership property
Application of the property of the firm
Q&A Kashif, Irfan & Shujaat (PQ)
Q&A Rufi (ICAP Spring 2016)
Q&A Bader & Yaseen (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Zareer Bridals (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Property of firm (ICAP Spring 2023)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (xi)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (x)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (xi)
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (ix)
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (xii)
Ch 13: Relations of partners to third parties
Ch 13: Relations of partners to third parties
Work in process
Authority & Liabilities of a partner and the firm
Partner to be agent of the firm
Authority of Partners
Effect of admissions by a partner
Effect of notice to acting partner
Joint & Several liability of a partner for acts of firm
Liability of the firm for wrongful acts of a partner
Liability of firm for misapplication by partners
Q&A Saima, Ahsan and Bari (ICAP Spring 2020)
Q&A Restrictions on implied authority (PQ)
Q&A Liabilities of a partner and firm (PQ)
Q&A Asghar, Babar and Careem (ii) (ICAP Spring 2017)
Q&A Majid and Ebad (ICAP Spring 2018)
Q&A Taqi, Saqib and Abrar (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Sahir and Sarim (ICAP Spring 2019)
Q&A Faizan and Mehran (ICAP Spring 2019)
Q&A Restriction on implied authority (ICAP Spring 2020)
Q&A Nomi, Sultan and Behram (ICAP Spring 2015)
Q&A Doves & Co (Usama) (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Granite Tiles (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Q&A Restrictions on implied authority (ICAP Spring 2024)
Holding out
Holding out
Q&A Concept of Holding out (PQ)
Q&A Kashif Electronics (ICAP Spring 2017)
Q&A Meher, Abid, Rani and Azra (ICAP Autumn 2015)
Q&A Ibad, Aslam and Mehmood (ICAP Autumn 2021)
Q&A Holding Out (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Saad and Abid (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Rights of transferee of partner's interest
Rights of transferee of a partner's interest
Q&A Tehram, Rahil and Zain (ICAP Spring 2019)
Q&A Sameer, Fauzia and Sualat (PQ)
Q&A Maqbool, Rufi and Sham (ICAP Spring 2016)
Q&A Malik, Asif and Sohail (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Pentagon Dealers & Circle Bank Ltd (ICAP Spring 2024)
Minors admitted to the benefits of partnership
Minors admitted to the benefits of partnership
Q&A Rustum, Mahmood and Wali (ICAP Autumn 2014)
Q&A Wasim, Ahmed and Salman (ICAP Autumn 2017)
Q&A Masoom, Rahul and Naila (ICAP Autumn 2019)
Q&A Raheel, Samina and Umair (ICAP Autumn 2016)
Q&A Saeed, Mona and Burhan (ICAP Autumn 2020)
Q&A Damask Traders (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 15
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (ii)
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (iv)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (ix)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (ii)
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (xi)
Q&A Squash Management & Karate Transports (ICAP Autumn 2024)
Q&A Surfing Athletics (ICAP Autumn 2024)
Q&A Transferee of Partner's interest (ICAP Autumn 2024)
Ch 14: Negotiable instruments
Ch 14: Negotiable instruments
Work in process
Introduction
Introduction
Characteristics
Primary Parties
Holder & Holder in Due Course
Negotiation & Indorsement
Payment in due course
Q&A Sultan and Amjad (ICAP Spring 2020)
Q&A Payment of stolen cheque (PQ)
Q&A Holder in due Course (ICAP Spring 2019)
Q&A Terminology (ICAP Autumn 2014)
Q&A Negotiation and Indorsement (ICAP Spring 2016)
Q&A Bilal and Saad (ICAP Autumn 2021)
Promissory Note
Promissory Note
Q&A Identify Promissory Notes (PQ)
Q&A Sarwat and Zain (ICAP Spring 2016)
Q&A Mujahid and Shoaib (ICAP Autumn 2020)
Bill of exchange
Bill of Exchange
Promissory Note vs. Bill of Exchange
Q&A Payment Instrument to Tauseef (ICAP Autumn 2015)
Q&A Instruments signed by Rahul (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Validity of Instruments (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Aftab, Kamran & Abdullah (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Doves & Co (Rizwan) (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Instruments by Zareen (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Q&A Promissory note vs Bill of exchange (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Types of negotiable Instruments
Types: Order & Bearer instruments
Types: Inland & Foreign instruments
Types: Demand & Time instruments
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (ix)
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (ix)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (xii)
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (v)
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (vi)
Q&A Squash Management & Climbing Florals (ICAP Autumn 2024)
Cheque
Cheque
Cheque not operating as assignment of funds
Cheque vs Bill of Exchange
Crossing of cheque
Crossing of cheque
Q&A Not negotiable crossing (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Crossing of cheque after issue (ICAP Spring 2015)
Q&A Not negotiable crossing (ICAP Autumn 2020)
Q&A Crossing of Cheques (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Pentagon Dealers & Cheque (ICAP Spring 2024)
Payment of cheque
Cheque crossed specially more than once
Payment in due course of crossed cheque
Payment of crossed cheque out of due course
Non-liability of bank receiving payment
Banker crediting “a/c payee” cheque
Revocation of banker’s authority
Bank Draft
Q&A Crossing a cheque more than once (ICAP Spring 2016)
Q&A Payment of stolen cheque (PQ)
Q&A Xenon Bank Limited (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Rustom, Laiba & Rizwan (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
Q&A Types of cheque crossings (ICAP Autumn 2024)
Ch 15: Anti-money laundering and Arbitration Act
Ch 15: Anti-money laundering and Arbitration Act
Work in process
Anti-Money Laundering
Quick Introduction | Anti–Money Laundering Act, 2010
Predicate Offence (the concept)
Q&A Offences of money laundering
Q&A Money Laundering Offence (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Financial Institution (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 15
MCQs Past Exams upto Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (iv)
Arbitration Act
Quick Introduction | Arbitration Act, 1940
Q&A Oreole Limited & Robin Limited ( Model Paper)
Q&A Powers of Arbitrator (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Powers of arbitrator (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10 | Competition Act and Arbitration Act
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (ii)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (v)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (vii)
Volume 2
Ch 1: Company: Introduction, types and registration
Ch 1: Company: Introduction, types and registration
The Features of a Company
Company as Artificial Legal Person [CL021]
Transfer of Ownership & Perpetual Succession [CL022]
The Concept of Limited Liability [CL023]
Definitions and Types of Company
Company & Body Corporate [CL024]
Types of Company - Members’ Liability [CL025]
Types of Company - Private vs. Public [CL026e]
Types of Company – Holding & Subsidiary [CL027R]
Q&A Body Corporate (ICAP Spring 2018) [CL039A]
Q&A ABC (Pvt) Limited [CL039B]
Q&A Kaghan Resham Limited [CL039C]
Q&A Masters Limited (ICAP Spring 2019) [CL039D]
Q&A Private Company (ICAP Autumn 2024) [CL368]
Authorities, Officials, Members and Resolutions
Authorities & Officials in a company [CL028]
Resolutions by Members [CL030R]
Q&A Becoming a member (ICAP Autumn 2019) [CL039EE]
Q&A Special Resolution (ICAP Autumn 2018) [CL039F]
Association Not for Profit
Licencing of associations with charitable & NFP objects [CL031]
Effect of revocation of licence (of association NFP) [CL032R]
Q&A Al-Falah Associates [CL039G]
Q&A Cancer Research Association (ICAP Spring 2020) [CL039H]
Q&A Distinguishing Criteria Association NFP (ICAP Spring 2021) [CL008]
Registration of a Company
Obligation to register as company [CL033]
Mode of forming a company [CL034]
Registration of memorandum and articles [CL035]
Effect of registration (of Company) [CL036e]
Company's business with less than minimum number of members [CL037]
Q&A Shahbaz Limited (ICAP Autumn 2019) [CL039J]
Q&A Mandatory Registration (ICAP Spring 2022) [CL215]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [CL206]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (xii) [SM042]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (v) [SM137]
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (ii) [SM178]
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (vi) [SM182]
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (ix) [SM185]
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (iv) [SM224]
Ch 2: Memorandum and articles
Ch 2: Memorandum and articles
Memorandum of Association
Borrowing powers to be part of memorandum [CL018]
Memorandum to be printed, signed and dated [CL019R]
Name of Company
Prohibition of certain names [CL020]
Rectification of name of a company [CL040]
Change of name by a company [CL041]
Registration of change of name and effect thereof [CL042]
Publication of name by a company [CL043]
Penalties for non-publication of name [CL044]
Q&A Pharma Research Authority (ICAP Autumn 2020) [CL058B]
Q&A Printing (Private) Limited (ICAP Spring 2018) [CL058C]
Q&A Name of Company (ICAP Spring 2025) [CL381]
Registered Office and Principal Line of Business
Registered office of company [CL045]
Alteration of memorandum [CL046]
Q&A Paramount Limited [CL058D]
Q&A Muntaqil Limited (ICAP Spring 2016) [CL058E]
Q&A Principal Line (ICAP Spring 2019) [CL058F]
Q&A Mackerel Limited (ICAP Autumn 2021) [CL216]
Q&A Business and Objects (ICAP Spring 2025) [CL382]
Articles of Association
Registration of articles [CL047]
Table A Contents – Articles of Company Limited by Shares [CL048]
Articles to be printed, signed and dated [CL049R]
Alteration of articles [CL050]
Q&A Young Engineers (ICAP Spring 2020) [CL058G]
Q&A Articles of Association (ICAP Autumn 2023) [CL349]
General Provisions as to Memorandum & Articles
Copies of memorandum and articles to be given to members [CL052]
Effect of memorandum and articles (on members) [CL053R]
Effect of alteration in memorandum or articles [CL054]
Alteration of memorandum/articles to be noted in every copy [CL055]
Form of memorandum and articles [CL056]
Q&A Arizona Grill Limited [CL058H]
Q&A Platinum Limited (ICAP Autumn 2023) [CL350]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [CL207]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (i) [SM056]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (xiv) [SM146]
Ch 3: Directors
Ch 3: Directors
Introduction and Eligibility
Director: Definition & Introduction [CL088]
Consent to act as director to be filed with company [CL094]
Number of directorships [CL091]
Minimum number of directors of a company [CL090]
Ineligibility of certain persons to become director [CL089]
Ineligibility of bankrupt to act as director [CL095]
First directors and their term [CL093]
Term of office of directors [CL099]
Retirement of first and subsequent directors [CL096]
Q&A HP Limited (ICAP Spring 2018) [CL119]
Q&A SE Limited (Practice Question) [CL120]
Q&A Exceptions: Director must be member (ICAP Autumn 2024) [CL361]
Election, Nomination and Casual Vacancy
Procedure for election of directors [CL097]
Nominee directors & related provisions [CL102]
Fresh election of directors (+Q&A ABC Limited) [CL100]
Powers of Court to declare election of directors invalid [CL098]
Validity of acts of directors (+Q&A Junaid) [CL103]
Director appointed to fill up casual vacancy [CL104]
Q&A Al-Falah Sugar Mills Limited (Practice Question) [CL122]
Q&A Alpha Securities Limited (Practice Question) [CL123]
Q&A Lalazar Limited (i) (Practice Question) [CL124]
Q&A Goldfish Limited (ICAP Autumn 2021) [CL144]
Vacation of Office and Removal
Vacation of office by the directors [CL105]
Q&A Behaal Limited (ICAP Spring 2018) [CL125]
Q&A ABC Limited (Practice Question) [CL126]
Q&A Babar (Practice Question) [CL127]
Q&A Aslam (Practice Question) [CL128]
Q&A Sun Limited (Practice Question) [CL129]
Q&A Baalbek Limited (ICAP Autumn 2018) [CL130]
Q&A Lalazar Limited (ii) (Practice Question) [CL131]
Q&A Cartier Metal Limited (I) (ICAP Spring 2023) [CL332]
Q&A Rail Holding (Private) Limited (ICAP Spring 2024) [CL359]
Powers and Duties
Compliance with the Code of Corporate Governance [CL092]
Liabilities of directors and officers (+Q&A Chalaak Ltd & Shining Star Ltd) [CL108]
Protection to independent and non-executive directors [CL109]
Q&A Rahbar Refineries Limited (Practice Question) [CL132]
Q&A Excellent Technologies Limited (ICAP Autumn 2020) [CL133]
Q&A Not an Independent director (ICAP Autumn 2023) [CL343]
Proceedings
Proceedings of the board [CL110]
Passing of resolution by the directors through circulation [CL111]
Records of resolutions and meetings of board [CL112]
Q&A Haider Limited (Practice Question) [CL134]
Restrictions, Prohibitions and Limitations
Restriction on director’s remuneration [CL113]
Prohibition on assignment of office by directors [CL114]
Restriction on non-cash transactions involving directors [CL115]
Loans to directors: requirement of members’ approval [CL116]
Political Contributions & Distribution of Gifts [CL117]
Q&A Statements’ analysis (Practice Question) [CL121]
Q&A Independent director & Remuneration (ICAP Autumn 2019) [CL135]
Q&A KM Limited (Practice Question) [CL136]
Q&A Hameed in ABC Limited (Practice Question) [CL137]
Q&A Rapid Constructions Limited (ICAP CFAP Winter 2016) [CL138]
Q&A King Limited (ICAP CFAP Summer 2019) [CL139]
Q&A Kismet Limited (ICAP CFAP Winter 2019) [CL140]
Q&A Shah Limited (Practice Question) [CL141]
Q&A Azad Limited (Practice Question) [CL142]
Q&A TS Limited (Practice Question) [CL143]
Q&A Sodium Industries Limited (ICAP Autumn 2023) [CL341]
Q&A Hogfish (Private) Limited (ICAP Autumn 2024) [CL362]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [CL208]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (viii) [SM063]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (xii) [SM067]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (v) [SM035]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (vii) [SM037]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (viii) [SM038]
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (vii) [SM139]
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (i) [SM177]
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (xii) [SM188]
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (viii) [SM228]
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (xv) [SM235]
Ch 4: Chief executive and other officers
Ch 4: Chief executive and other officers
Chief executive
Definition: Chief Executive [CL146]
Restriction on appointment of chief executive [CL150]
Appointment of first chief executive [CL147]
Appointment of subsequent chief executive [CL148]
Terms of appointment of chief executive [CL149]
Removal of chief executive [CL151]
Chief executive not to engage in competing business [CL152]
Q&A Faraya Limited (ICAP Autumn 2018) [CL159]
Q&A Young Engineers (ICAP Spring 2020) [CL160]
Q&A Appointing the CEO (Practice Question) [CL161]
Q&A Tabdily (Private) Limited (ICAP Spring 2016) [CL162]
Q&A ST Limited (Practice Question) [CL163]
Q&A Hassam Textile Mills Limited (ICAP Autumn 2019) [CL164]
Q&A CEO in ABC Limited (Practice Question) [CL165]
Q&A Bravo (Private) Limited (ICAP Summer 2018) [CL166]
Q&A Ryan Industries Limited (Practice Question) [CL167]
Q&A Hamid Textile Mills Limited (Practice Question) [CL168]
Q&A Pearl Limited (ICAP Spring 2021) [CL006]
Q&A Appointment and Removal of CEO (ICAP Spring 2022) [CL170]
Q&A Vacation of office of chief executive (ICAP Spring 2023) [CL327]
Q&A Axis Cement Limited (ICAP Spring 2023) [CL328]
Q&A Rohu Limited (ICAP Autumn 2024) [CL375]
Other officers
Chairman in a listed company [CL153]
Public company required to have secretary [CL155]
Listed company to have share registrar [CL156]
Bar on appointment of sole purchase, sales agents [CL157]
Q&A Faisal Limited (ICAP Spring 2019) [CL169]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10 | Chief executive and other officers [CL158]
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 [CL209]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (v) [SM060]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (vii) [SM062]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (ix) [SM064]
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (ii) [SM032]
ICAP Autumn 2024 | MCQ (ix) [SM229]
Ch 5: Share capital and commencement of business
Ch 5: Share capital and commencement of business
Share capital
Nature, Numbering and Certificate of Shares [CL174]
Publication of authorised as well as paid-up capital [CL175]
Classes and kinds of share capital [CL172]
Alteration of articles [CL050]
Variation of shareholders’ rights [CL173]
Q&A Saga Limited (ICAP Autumn 2018) [CL177]
Q&A Pioneer Shipping Limited (ICAP Summer 2018) [CL178]
Q&A Sapphire Limited (ICAP Spring 2021) [CL004]
Q&A Cadmium Limited (ICAP Autumn 2023) [CL348]
Alteration of share capital clause in Memorandum
Power of company to alter its share capital [CL059R]
Q&A Swordfish (Private) Limited (ICAP Autumn 2024) [CL366]
Commencement of Business
Commencement of business by a public company [CL185]
Q&A Commencement of Business (ICAP Autumn 2019) [CL200]
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 15 | Share Capital [CL171]
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022 | Share Capital [CL176]
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (ii) [SM057]
Ch 6: Mortgages and charges
Ch 6: Mortgages and charges
Work in process
Introduction
Borrowing Powers and Forms of Borrowings & Security
Registration
Requirement to register a mortgage or charge
Duty of company & right of interested party of registration
Modification, Satisfaction and Rectification
Modification in the particulars of mortgage or charge
Company to report satisfaction of charge
Power of registrar (satisfaction & release of charge)
Rectification of register of mortgages
Q&A Kalaam Limited (i)
Q&A Kalaam Limited (ii)
Q&A Saad Textile Mills Limited (i)
Q&A Saad Textile Mills Limited (ii)
Q&A Armani Weavings Limited (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Eagle Limited (ICAP Spring 2024)
Records and Register
Copy of instrument creating mortgage/charge
Company’s register of mortgages and charges
Q&A Registration (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Orange Limited (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10 | Mortgages and Charges
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (iii)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (vi)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (iii)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (x)
Ch 7: Meetings and resolutions
Ch 7: Meetings and resolutions
Work in process
Company Meetings
Types of Meetings of a Company
Statutory meeting of Company
Annual General Meeting (AGM)
Calling of Extra-ordinary General Meeting (EGM)
Power of Commission to call meetings
Q&A Statutory Meeting Requirement (PQ)
Q&A Joint Limited (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Karachi Telecom Limited (PQ)
Q&A AGM Time Limit (PQ)
Q&A EGM Notice (PQ)
Q&A Peach Panther Limited (PQ)
Q&A Violet Limited (ICAP Spring 2022)
Service of documents and notices
Service of documents and notices
Conduct of meetings
Provisions as to meetings and votes
Voting by show of hands
Voting by poll
Proxies
Representation of body corporate at meetings
Representation of government at meetings
Quorum of general meeting
Court declaring a general meeting invalid
Q&A Special Business (PQ)
Q&A Unique Limited (ICAP Spring 2018)
Q&A AS Limited (PQ)
Q&A Mr Shakeel (PQ)
Q&A Fancy Works Limited (ICAP Autumn 2019)
Q&A Green Leaf Limited (PQ)
Q&A Classic Paints Limited (PQ)
Q&A VX Limited (PQ)
Q&A Mastermind Technologies Limited (PQ)
Q&A NokeJhoke Limited (ICAP Autumn 2015)
Q&A Alpha Limited (ICAP Spring 2020)
Q&A Trade Limited (PQ)
Q&A Brown Enterprise Limited (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Red Coral Limited (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Dolphin Limited (ICAP Autumn 2021)
Q&A Cartier Metal Limited (II) (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Hafnium Engineering Limited (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Resolutions and Records
Notice of resolution
Resolution passed at adjourned meeting
Passing of resolution by members through circulation
Filing of special resolution
Records of resolutions and meetings
Q&A Mr. Dinshaw (PQ)
Q&A Majestic Limited (PQ)
Q&A Duck Fertilizers Limited (ICAP Autumn 2020)
Q&A Tripod Limited (PQ)
Q&A Rapid Construction Limited (PQ)
Q&A Saleem Hussain (ICAP Autumn 2021)
Q&A Crimson Limited (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Penguin Limited (ICAP Spring 2024)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 15
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (x)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (i)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (ii)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (ix)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (v)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (vii)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (xi)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (xv)
Ch 8: Distribution of profits
Ch 8: Distribution of profits
Work in process
Declaration of Dividend
Certain restrictions on declaration of dividend
Q&A Restriction on Dividend (ICAP Spring 2018)
Q&A Analysis of Statement (PQ)
Q&A Restriction on Dividend (ICAP Autumn 2021)
Payment of Dividend
Dividend to be paid only out of profits
Power to close register
Manner & Time Limit for Payment of Dividend
Directors not to withhold declared dividend
Q&A Ashanti Limited (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Giant Industries Limited (ICAP Spring 2020)
Q&A Exceptions to Payment of Dividend (PQ)
Q&A Clove Engineering Limited (ICAP Autumn 2015)
Q&A Dinar Limited (PQ)
Q&A Closure of register & notice (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Dividend Regulations (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A No penalty for delay in payment of dividend (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Uranium Limited (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Q&A Dividend by Public Companies (ICAP Spring 2024)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (vi)
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (xi)
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (xiii)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (viii)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (xi)
Ch 9: Investments and disclosure of interest
Ch 9: Investments and disclosure of interest
Work in process
Investments by a company
Definition of associated companies and undertakings
Investment in associated companies and undertakings
Investments of company to be held in its own name
Q&A Kalaam Limited (ICAP Autumn 2019)
Q&A Ironside Limited (ICAP Spring 2016)
Q&A Oliver Travels Limited (ICAP Autumn 2020)
Q&A Silver Topaz Limited (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Blush Pakistan Limited (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Aramis Limited (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Falcon Cars Limited (ICAP Spring 2024)
Disclosure of interest
Disclosure of interest by director
Interested director not to participate or vote
Interest of Officers
Related party transactions
Q&A Procedure for general notice (PQ)
Q&A Participation in board meetings (ICAP Autumn 2018)
Q&A Faraz Limited (ICAP Autumn 2019)
Q&A Golden Industries Limited (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Proceedings of board meetings (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Cherry Limited (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Nakin Tyre Limited (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Related party (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (ix)
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (x)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (iii)
Ch 10: Accounts and annual return
Ch 10: Accounts and annual return
Work in process
Books of Accounts
Definitions: Accounts and Financial Statements
Books of account, to be kept by company
Q&A SQL Plastics Limited (PQ)
Financial Statements
Financial Statements
Approval and authentication of financial statements
Copy of financial statements to the registrar
Quarterly financial statements of listed companies
Q&A Financial Statements of private company (ICAP Spring 2018)
Q&A Raza Enterprises Limited (PQ)
Q&A Financial Statements not adopted (PQ)
Q&A Quarterly Financial Statements (ICAP Autumn 2020)
Q&A Opal Limited (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Red Limited (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Quarterly financial statements (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Dates Ceramics Limited (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Financial statements & Body Corporate (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Approval & authentication of financial statements (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Accounts & Financial Statements (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Q&A Half-yearly & Annual Accounts (ICAP Spring 2024)
Group Financial Statements
Consolidated financial statements
Financial year of holding company and subsidiary
Q&A Muskmelon Investment Limited (ICAP Autumn 2022)
Q&A Nickel Motors Limited (ICAP Autumn 2023)
Directors' report and Statement of compliance
Duty to prepare directors’ report and statement of compliance
Contents of directors’ report & statement of compliance
Q&A Business Review (ICAP Spring 2019)
Q&A Iqra Industries Limited (PQ)
Q&A Business Review Section (ICAP Spring 2022)
Q&A Contents of Directors Report (ICAP Spring 2021)
Q&A Contents of directors’ report (ICAP Spring 2023)
Q&A Business Review (ICAP Spring 2024)
Annual Return
Annual Return
Objective Based Q&A
MCQs 1 to 10
MCQs 11 to 20
MCQs Past Exams up to Spring 2022
ICAP Autumn 2022 | MCQ (xiii)
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (i)
ICAP Spring 2023 | MCQ (iii)
ICAP Autumn 2023 | MCQ (xii)
ICAP Spring 2024 | MCQ (xiii)
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